The Special Structure Against Corruption and Organized Crime/SPAK has remained at the forefront of Albania`s judicial reform debates. Established with the mandate to combat high-level corruption and criminal networks. Yet, its actions have triggered intense scrutiny from all corners of the political spectrum.
SPAK`s investigative arsenal includes in-depth financial probes, electronic and phone surveillance, and the use of justice collaborators who provide testimony in exchange for leniency. However, these efforts have faced criticism for delays and selective action, with cases either being closed without consequences or dragged out for months or years.
A report form de Special Prosecution highlighted that in 2024, SPAK handled cases involving 629 individuals connected to corruption and organized crime. Of these, 37,5% (236 individuals) were investigated under the security measure of arrest in prison, while others were either investigated at large or under different security measures. Despite these efforts, only 9,7% of the total pre-trial detainees in Albania fell under SPAK`s jurisdiction.
These figures were released following remarks by Prime Minister Edi Rama, who criticized the overuse of pre-trial detention. “We cannot allow imprisonment without trial to become the norm“, he argued, emphasizing that pre-trial conditions must be strictly observed.
Shifting Stances from the Socialist Majority
Initially a staunch supports of SPAK, Prime Minister Rama and the Socialist majority championed the institution as a cornerstone of justice reform. Yet, as SPAK`s investigations extended to government-aligned officials, political rhetoric began to shift. Officials form the ruling majority have accused SPAK of selective investigations and even suggested that opposition forces are exploiting the justice system for political gain. Criticism has also targeted SPAK`s transparency and decision-making, with Rama urging a more balanced and impartial approach to investigations.
On the other hand, Sali Berisha and the Democratic Party opposition initially accused SPAK of being controlled by the government and biased in its investigations. However, as SPAK intensified its focus on government officials, the opposition’s rhetoric transformed into praise. Berisha and his allies have now called for SPAK to continue its probes into high-ranking government officials, arguing that delays are indicative of political interference. Despite this, they have also accused SPAK leadership of corruption and demanded independent investigations into its members.
Correspondingly, Ervin Karamuço, a renowned criminal justice expert, has offered a neutral perspective on SPAK’s challenges. He emphasized the need for unbiased and transparent investigations to maintain public trust. Karamuço also warned against public attacks on SPAK, cautioning that such rhetoric could undermine the broader justice reform process.
SPAK’s Response to Allegations
Faced with political accusations and public scepticism, SPAK has repeatedly affirmed its independence. In official statements, the institution has underscored its adherence to legal standards and evidence-based investigations. SPAK rejected claims of political interference and attributed delays to the complexity of gathering conclusive evidence. SPAK also invited civil society and citizens to report any cases of corruption or organized crime, promising that all reports would be treated with professionalism and seriousness.
In sum, as one of the pillars of Albania’s judicial reform, SPAK remains under intense scrutiny. Political dynamics have influenced public narratives, but the institution’s long-term credibility hinges on maintaining impartiality and transparency. Only through balanced and fair investigations can SPAK restore public confidence and fortify the rule of law in Albania.
Written by our correspondent A.T.
